27 real Materials & Heat Treatment questions from the Mechanical Design bank, as asked in Indian campus drives and tech interviews. Every question has a verified answer and an AI-tutor explanation on placd — free to start.
1. What is IS 2062 E250?
Junior
A.reheating quenched martensite to 150–650 °C to trade some hardness for toughness, always done immediately after hardening
B.rapid surface austenitising by eddy currents followed by spray quench, giving hard crankshaft journals and gear teeth with compressive residual stress
C.structural steel with 250 MPa minimum yield, the default plate and section grade for machine frames, bases and fabricated structures in India
D.composite of about 60% fibre volume in epoxy with specific stiffness several times that of steel but strongly anisotropic, needing ply-by-ply layup design
2. Which term means: "structural steel with 250 MPa minimum yield, the default plate and section grade for machine frames, bases and fabricated structures in India"?
A.IS 2062 E250 — medium-carbon 0.4% C steel (080M40) supplied normalised, used for shafts, studs and axles where through-hardening is not needed
B.IS 2062 E250 — precipitation-hardened Al-Mg-Si alloy of about 275 MPa yield that is weldable and extrudable, the default for light structural parts
C.IS 2062 E250 — case hardening at 500–570 °C by nitrogen diffusion into alloy steels such as EN40B, giving over 1000 HV without a quench and hence little distortion
D.IS 2062 E250 — structural steel with 250 MPa minimum yield, the default plate and section grade for machine frames, bases and fabricated structures in India
5. Which term means: "medium-carbon 0.4% C steel (080M40) supplied normalised, used for shafts, studs and axles where through-hardening is not needed"?
A.EN8 steel — structural steel with 250 MPa minimum yield, the default plate and section grade for machine frames, bases and fabricated structures in India
B.EN8 steel — medium-carbon 0.4% C steel (080M40) supplied normalised, used for shafts, studs and axles where through-hardening is not needed
C.EN8 steel — rapid surface austenitising by eddy currents followed by spray quench, giving hard crankshaft journals and gear teeth with compressive residual stress
D.EN8 steel — reheating quenched martensite to 150–650 °C to trade some hardness for toughness, always done immediately after hardening
A.case hardening at 500–570 °C by nitrogen diffusion into alloy steels such as EN40B, giving over 1000 HV without a quench and hence little distortion
B.rapid surface austenitising by eddy currents followed by spray quench, giving hard crankshaft journals and gear teeth with compressive residual stress
C.nickel-chromium-molybdenum steel (817M40) hardened and tempered to about 850–1000 MPa for highly stressed gears, shafts and crankshafts
D.diffusing carbon into low-carbon steel at 900–950 °C to form a hard 0.5–2 mm case over a tough core, used for gears and camshafts
8. Which term means: "nickel-chromium-molybdenum steel (817M40) hardened and tempered to about 850–1000 MPa for highly stressed gears, shafts and crankshafts"?
A.medium-carbon 0.4% C steel (080M40) supplied normalised, used for shafts, studs and axles where through-hardening is not needed
B.case hardening at 500–570 °C by nitrogen diffusion into alloy steels such as EN40B, giving over 1000 HV without a quench and hence little distortion
C.reheating quenched martensite to 150–650 °C to trade some hardness for toughness, always done immediately after hardening
D.rapid surface austenitising by eddy currents followed by spray quench, giving hard crankshaft journals and gear teeth with compressive residual stress
A.Tempering — precipitation-hardened Al-Mg-Si alloy of about 275 MPa yield that is weldable and extrudable, the default for light structural parts
B.Tempering — rapid surface austenitising by eddy currents followed by spray quench, giving hard crankshaft journals and gear teeth with compressive residual stress
C.Tempering — reheating quenched martensite to 150–650 °C to trade some hardness for toughness, always done immediately after hardening
D.Tempering — case hardening at 500–570 °C by nitrogen diffusion into alloy steels such as EN40B, giving over 1000 HV without a quench and hence little distortion
A.medium-carbon 0.4% C steel (080M40) supplied normalised, used for shafts, studs and axles where through-hardening is not needed
B.case hardening at 500–570 °C by nitrogen diffusion into alloy steels such as EN40B, giving over 1000 HV without a quench and hence little distortion
C.diffusing carbon into low-carbon steel at 900–950 °C to form a hard 0.5–2 mm case over a tough core, used for gears and camshafts
D.rapid surface austenitising by eddy currents followed by spray quench, giving hard crankshaft journals and gear teeth with compressive residual stress
14. Which term means: "diffusing carbon into low-carbon steel at 900–950 °C to form a hard 0.5–2 mm case over a tough core, used for gears and camshafts"?
A.Carburising — case hardening at 500–570 °C by nitrogen diffusion into alloy steels such as EN40B, giving over 1000 HV without a quench and hence little distortion
B.Carburising — composite of about 60% fibre volume in epoxy with specific stiffness several times that of steel but strongly anisotropic, needing ply-by-ply layup design
C.Carburising — medium-carbon 0.4% C steel (080M40) supplied normalised, used for shafts, studs and axles where through-hardening is not needed
D.Carburising — diffusing carbon into low-carbon steel at 900–950 °C to form a hard 0.5–2 mm case over a tough core, used for gears and camshafts
A.nickel-chromium-molybdenum steel (817M40) hardened and tempered to about 850–1000 MPa for highly stressed gears, shafts and crankshafts
B.case hardening at 500–570 °C by nitrogen diffusion into alloy steels such as EN40B, giving over 1000 HV without a quench and hence little distortion
C.precipitation-hardened Al-Mg-Si alloy of about 275 MPa yield that is weldable and extrudable, the default for light structural parts
D.composite of about 60% fibre volume in epoxy with specific stiffness several times that of steel but strongly anisotropic, needing ply-by-ply layup design
17. Which term means: "case hardening at 500–570 °C by nitrogen diffusion into alloy steels such as EN40B, giving over 1000 HV without a quench and hence little distortion"?
A.Nitriding — medium-carbon 0.4% C steel (080M40) supplied normalised, used for shafts, studs and axles where through-hardening is not needed
B.Nitriding — reheating quenched martensite to 150–650 °C to trade some hardness for toughness, always done immediately after hardening
C.Nitriding — case hardening at 500–570 °C by nitrogen diffusion into alloy steels such as EN40B, giving over 1000 HV without a quench and hence little distortion
D.Nitriding — composite of about 60% fibre volume in epoxy with specific stiffness several times that of steel but strongly anisotropic, needing ply-by-ply layup design
A.structural steel with 250 MPa minimum yield, the default plate and section grade for machine frames, bases and fabricated structures in India
B.medium-carbon 0.4% C steel (080M40) supplied normalised, used for shafts, studs and axles where through-hardening is not needed
C.precipitation-hardened Al-Mg-Si alloy of about 275 MPa yield that is weldable and extrudable, the default for light structural parts
D.rapid surface austenitising by eddy currents followed by spray quench, giving hard crankshaft journals and gear teeth with compressive residual stress
20. Which term means: "rapid surface austenitising by eddy currents followed by spray quench, giving hard crankshaft journals and gear teeth with compressive residual stress"?
A.Induction hardening — composite of about 60% fibre volume in epoxy with specific stiffness several times that of steel but strongly anisotropic, needing ply-by-ply layup design
B.Induction hardening — medium-carbon 0.4% C steel (080M40) supplied normalised, used for shafts, studs and axles where through-hardening is not needed
C.Induction hardening — diffusing carbon into low-carbon steel at 900–950 °C to form a hard 0.5–2 mm case over a tough core, used for gears and camshafts
D.Induction hardening — rapid surface austenitising by eddy currents followed by spray quench, giving hard crankshaft journals and gear teeth with compressive residual stress
A.rapid surface austenitising by eddy currents followed by spray quench, giving hard crankshaft journals and gear teeth with compressive residual stress
B.case hardening at 500–570 °C by nitrogen diffusion into alloy steels such as EN40B, giving over 1000 HV without a quench and hence little distortion
C.precipitation-hardened Al-Mg-Si alloy of about 275 MPa yield that is weldable and extrudable, the default for light structural parts
D.structural steel with 250 MPa minimum yield, the default plate and section grade for machine frames, bases and fabricated structures in India
23. Which term means: "precipitation-hardened Al-Mg-Si alloy of about 275 MPa yield that is weldable and extrudable, the default for light structural parts"?
A.Aluminium 6061-T6 — composite of about 60% fibre volume in epoxy with specific stiffness several times that of steel but strongly anisotropic, needing ply-by-ply layup design
B.Aluminium 6061-T6 — nickel-chromium-molybdenum steel (817M40) hardened and tempered to about 850–1000 MPa for highly stressed gears, shafts and crankshafts
C.Aluminium 6061-T6 — diffusing carbon into low-carbon steel at 900–950 °C to form a hard 0.5–2 mm case over a tough core, used for gears and camshafts
D.Aluminium 6061-T6 — precipitation-hardened Al-Mg-Si alloy of about 275 MPa yield that is weldable and extrudable, the default for light structural parts
A.case hardening at 500–570 °C by nitrogen diffusion into alloy steels such as EN40B, giving over 1000 HV without a quench and hence little distortion
B.precipitation-hardened Al-Mg-Si alloy of about 275 MPa yield that is weldable and extrudable, the default for light structural parts
C.composite of about 60% fibre volume in epoxy with specific stiffness several times that of steel but strongly anisotropic, needing ply-by-ply layup design
D.nickel-chromium-molybdenum steel (817M40) hardened and tempered to about 850–1000 MPa for highly stressed gears, shafts and crankshafts
26. Which term means: "composite of about 60% fibre volume in epoxy with specific stiffness several times that of steel but strongly anisotropic, needing ply-by-ply layup design"?
A.Carbon fibre laminate — diffusing carbon into low-carbon steel at 900–950 °C to form a hard 0.5–2 mm case over a tough core, used for gears and camshafts
B.Carbon fibre laminate — structural steel with 250 MPa minimum yield, the default plate and section grade for machine frames, bases and fabricated structures in India
C.Carbon fibre laminate — medium-carbon 0.4% C steel (080M40) supplied normalised, used for shafts, studs and axles where through-hardening is not needed
D.Carbon fibre laminate — composite of about 60% fibre volume in epoxy with specific stiffness several times that of steel but strongly anisotropic, needing ply-by-ply layup design
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