27 real Automotive Design questions from the Mechanical Design bank, as asked in Indian campus drives and tech interviews. Every question has a verified answer and an AI-tutor explanation on placd — free to start.
1. What is Understeer gradient?
Junior
A.emission standard in force since April 2020 requiring 10 ppm sulphur fuel, DPF and SCR on diesels, OBD-II and real driving emission limits from 2023
B.front rails and crash boxes designed to fold progressively and absorb energy while the passenger cell remains intact
C.difference between front and rear slip angles per g of lateral acceleration, kept positive so a road car stays stable at the limit
D.resistance of the body-in-white to twist in kNm per degree, around 15–30 for modern cars and the first target set for handling and NVH
2. Which term means: "difference between front and rear slip angles per g of lateral acceleration, kept positive so a road car stays stable at the limit"?
A.Understeer gradient — designing the body so its first bending and torsion modes (typically 25–40 Hz) do not coincide with engine idle and wheel excitation frequencies
B.Understeer gradient — emission standard in force since April 2020 requiring 10 ppm sulphur fuel, DPF and SCR on diesels, OBD-II and real driving emission limits from 2023
C.Understeer gradient — difference between front and rear slip angles per g of lateral acceleration, kept positive so a road car stays stable at the limit
D.Understeer gradient — resistance of the body-in-white to twist in kNm per degree, around 15–30 for modern cars and the first target set for handling and NVH
5. Which term means: "geometry in which the inner wheel turns through a larger angle so both wheel axes meet at the turn centre and the tyres do not scrub"?
A.Ackermann steering — Indian battery safety standard for electric two- and three-wheelers whose amendment 3 added thermal-propagation, cell-level and BMS requirements
B.Ackermann steering — geometry in which the inner wheel turns through a larger angle so both wheel axes meet at the turn centre and the tyres do not scrub
C.Ackermann steering — voluntary Indian crash rating under AIS 197 from October 2023 with 64 km/h frontal offset, side impact and pole tests scored in stars
D.Ackermann steering — designing the body so its first bending and torsion modes (typically 25–40 Hz) do not coincide with engine idle and wheel excitation frequencies
8. Which term means: "emission standard in force since April 2020 requiring 10 ppm sulphur fuel, DPF and SCR on diesels, OBD-II and real driving emission limits from 2023"?
A.BS-VI norms — geometry in which the inner wheel turns through a larger angle so both wheel axes meet at the turn centre and the tyres do not scrub
B.BS-VI norms — Indian battery safety standard for electric two- and three-wheelers whose amendment 3 added thermal-propagation, cell-level and BMS requirements
C.BS-VI norms — emission standard in force since April 2020 requiring 10 ppm sulphur fuel, DPF and SCR on diesels, OBD-II and real driving emission limits from 2023
D.BS-VI norms — front rails and crash boxes designed to fold progressively and absorb energy while the passenger cell remains intact
11. Which term means: "designing the body so its first bending and torsion modes (typically 25–40 Hz) do not coincide with engine idle and wheel excitation frequencies"?
A.Modal separation — Indian battery safety standard for electric two- and three-wheelers whose amendment 3 added thermal-propagation, cell-level and BMS requirements
B.Modal separation — designing the body so its first bending and torsion modes (typically 25–40 Hz) do not coincide with engine idle and wheel excitation frequencies
C.Modal separation — resistance of the body-in-white to twist in kNm per degree, around 15–30 for modern cars and the first target set for handling and NVH
D.Modal separation — emission standard in force since April 2020 requiring 10 ppm sulphur fuel, DPF and SCR on diesels, OBD-II and real driving emission limits from 2023
A.Crumple zone — emission standard in force since April 2020 requiring 10 ppm sulphur fuel, DPF and SCR on diesels, OBD-II and real driving emission limits from 2023
B.Crumple zone — cell-module-pack structure with a BMS and liquid or air thermal management holding cells at roughly 15–35 °C for life and safety
C.Crumple zone — resistance of the body-in-white to twist in kNm per degree, around 15–30 for modern cars and the first target set for handling and NVH
D.Crumple zone — front rails and crash boxes designed to fold progressively and absorb energy while the passenger cell remains intact
17. Which term means: "voluntary Indian crash rating under AIS 197 from October 2023 with 64 km/h frontal offset, side impact and pole tests scored in stars"?
A.Bharat NCAP — resistance of the body-in-white to twist in kNm per degree, around 15–30 for modern cars and the first target set for handling and NVH
B.Bharat NCAP — emission standard in force since April 2020 requiring 10 ppm sulphur fuel, DPF and SCR on diesels, OBD-II and real driving emission limits from 2023
C.Bharat NCAP — front rails and crash boxes designed to fold progressively and absorb energy while the passenger cell remains intact
D.Bharat NCAP — voluntary Indian crash rating under AIS 197 from October 2023 with 64 km/h frontal offset, side impact and pole tests scored in stars
20. Which term means: "cell-module-pack structure with a BMS and liquid or air thermal management holding cells at roughly 15–35 °C for life and safety"?
A.EV battery pack architecture — resistance of the body-in-white to twist in kNm per degree, around 15–30 for modern cars and the first target set for handling and NVH
B.EV battery pack architecture — cell-module-pack structure with a BMS and liquid or air thermal management holding cells at roughly 15–35 °C for life and safety
C.EV battery pack architecture — designing the body so its first bending and torsion modes (typically 25–40 Hz) do not coincide with engine idle and wheel excitation frequencies
D.EV battery pack architecture — emission standard in force since April 2020 requiring 10 ppm sulphur fuel, DPF and SCR on diesels, OBD-II and real driving emission limits from 2023
23. Which term means: "Indian battery safety standard for electric two- and three-wheelers whose amendment 3 added thermal-propagation, cell-level and BMS requirements"?
A.AIS 156 — emission standard in force since April 2020 requiring 10 ppm sulphur fuel, DPF and SCR on diesels, OBD-II and real driving emission limits from 2023
B.AIS 156 — Indian battery safety standard for electric two- and three-wheelers whose amendment 3 added thermal-propagation, cell-level and BMS requirements
C.AIS 156 — cell-module-pack structure with a BMS and liquid or air thermal management holding cells at roughly 15–35 °C for life and safety
D.AIS 156 — front rails and crash boxes designed to fold progressively and absorb energy while the passenger cell remains intact
26. Which term means: "resistance of the body-in-white to twist in kNm per degree, around 15–30 for modern cars and the first target set for handling and NVH"?
A.Body torsional stiffness — Indian battery safety standard for electric two- and three-wheelers whose amendment 3 added thermal-propagation, cell-level and BMS requirements
B.Body torsional stiffness — geometry in which the inner wheel turns through a larger angle so both wheel axes meet at the turn centre and the tyres do not scrub
C.Body torsional stiffness — voluntary Indian crash rating under AIS 197 from October 2023 with 64 km/h frontal offset, side impact and pole tests scored in stars
D.Body torsional stiffness — resistance of the body-in-white to twist in kNm per degree, around 15–30 for modern cars and the first target set for handling and NVH
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