27 real Analog & Digital Electronics questions from the Electrical Core bank, as asked in Indian campus drives and tech interviews. Every question has a verified answer and an AI-tutor explanation on placd — free to start.
1. What is Zener diode?
Junior
A.sustained oscillation requires a loop gain magnitude of exactly one and a total phase shift of 0° or 360° around the loop
B.reverse-biased diode operated in breakdown to hold a constant voltage, used as a shunt regulator and voltage reference
C.data must be stable for the setup time before and the hold time after the active clock edge, or the flip-flop may go metastable
D.ratio of differential gain to common-mode gain of a differential amplifier, expressed in dB, higher meaning better rejection of common noise
A.Virtual short — comparator with positive feedback giving two switching thresholds (hysteresis) so that noisy inputs produce clean transitions
B.Virtual short — ratio of differential gain to common-mode gain of a differential amplifier, expressed in dB, higher meaning better rejection of common noise
C.Virtual short — grid of minterms in Gray-code order where adjacent 1s are grouped in powers of two to obtain a minimal sum-of-products expression
D.Virtual short — with negative feedback an op-amp holds its two input terminals at the same potential because the open-loop gain is very high
A.Barkhausen criterion — data must be stable for the setup time before and the hold time after the active clock edge, or the flip-flop may go metastable
B.Barkhausen criterion — J-K latch toggling repeatedly while the clock stays high when J = K = 1, solved by master-slave or edge-triggered design
C.Barkhausen criterion — grid of minterms in Gray-code order where adjacent 1s are grouped in powers of two to obtain a minimal sum-of-products expression
D.Barkhausen criterion — sustained oscillation requires a loop gain magnitude of exactly one and a total phase shift of 0° or 360° around the loop
11. Which term means: "ratio of differential gain to common-mode gain of a differential amplifier, expressed in dB, higher meaning better rejection of common noise"?
A.Slew rate — J-K latch toggling repeatedly while the clock stays high when J = K = 1, solved by master-slave or edge-triggered design
B.Slew rate — data must be stable for the setup time before and the hold time after the active clock edge, or the flip-flop may go metastable
C.Slew rate — ratio of differential gain to common-mode gain of a differential amplifier, expressed in dB, higher meaning better rejection of common noise
D.Slew rate — maximum rate of change of op-amp output voltage in V/µs, limiting undistorted output at high frequency and large amplitude
A.Race-around condition — J-K latch toggling repeatedly while the clock stays high when J = K = 1, solved by master-slave or edge-triggered design
B.Race-around condition — with negative feedback an op-amp holds its two input terminals at the same potential because the open-loop gain is very high
C.Race-around condition — reverse-biased diode operated in breakdown to hold a constant voltage, used as a shunt regulator and voltage reference
D.Race-around condition — ratio of differential gain to common-mode gain of a differential amplifier, expressed in dB, higher meaning better rejection of common noise
23. Which term means: "data must be stable for the setup time before and the hold time after the active clock edge, or the flip-flop may go metastable"?
A.Setup and hold time — data must be stable for the setup time before and the hold time after the active clock edge, or the flip-flop may go metastable
B.Setup and hold time — sustained oscillation requires a loop gain magnitude of exactly one and a total phase shift of 0° or 360° around the loop
C.Setup and hold time — comparator with positive feedback giving two switching thresholds (hysteresis) so that noisy inputs produce clean transitions
D.Setup and hold time — ratio of differential gain to common-mode gain of a differential amplifier, expressed in dB, higher meaning better rejection of common noise
26. Which term means: "grid of minterms in Gray-code order where adjacent 1s are grouped in powers of two to obtain a minimal sum-of-products expression"?
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