30 real Pharma & Specialty Chemicals questions from the Plant Operations bank, as asked in Indian campus drives and tech interviews. Every question has a verified answer and an AI-tutor explanation on placd — free to start.
1. What is cGMP?
Junior
A.current good manufacturing practice under US 21 CFR 210/211, WHO TRS and Indian Schedule M, covering personnel, premises, documentation, validation and quality control
B.document recording every step, quantity, equipment and signature of a production batch, reviewed by QA before release
C.FDA 2011 guidance of process design, process qualification (usually three consecutive batches) and continued process verification
D.proof by swab and rinse analysis that residual API after cleaning is below a limit such as 10 ppm, 1/1000 of therapeutic dose or an HBEL-based value
2. Which term means: "current good manufacturing practice under US 21 CFR 210/211, WHO TRS and Indian Schedule M, covering personnel, premises, documentation, validation and quality control"?
A.cGMP — records must be attributable, legible, contemporaneous, original and accurate, plus complete, consistent, enduring and available, enforced through FDA warning letters
B.cGMP — Indian GMP under the Drugs and Cosmetics Rules aligned with WHO-GMP, made mandatory for MSMEs from 2025 with pharmaceutical quality system and product quality review requirements
C.cGMP — current good manufacturing practice under US 21 CFR 210/211, WHO TRS and Indian Schedule M, covering personnel, premises, documentation, validation and quality control
D.cGMP — installation qualification checks equipment as installed against design; operational qualification tests functions across the range; performance qualification proves consistent output with product
A.Indian GMP under the Drugs and Cosmetics Rules aligned with WHO-GMP, made mandatory for MSMEs from 2025 with pharmaceutical quality system and product quality review requirements
B.installation qualification checks equipment as installed against design; operational qualification tests functions across the range; performance qualification proves consistent output with product
C.document recording every step, quantity, equipment and signature of a production batch, reviewed by QA before release
D.FDA 2011 guidance of process design, process qualification (usually three consecutive batches) and continued process verification
A.Batch manufacturing record — DSC for decomposition onset, reaction calorimetry for heat release and accumulation, and gas evolution tests before a new process reaches plant scale
B.Batch manufacturing record — document recording every step, quantity, equipment and signature of a production batch, reviewed by QA before release
C.Batch manufacturing record — records must be attributable, legible, contemporaneous, original and accurate, plus complete, consistent, enduring and available, enforced through FDA warning letters
D.Batch manufacturing record — installation qualification checks equipment as installed against design; operational qualification tests functions across the range; performance qualification proves consistent output with product
A.DSC for decomposition onset, reaction calorimetry for heat release and accumulation, and gas evolution tests before a new process reaches plant scale
B.FDA 2011 guidance of process design, process qualification (usually three consecutive batches) and continued process verification
C.proof by swab and rinse analysis that residual API after cleaning is below a limit such as 10 ppm, 1/1000 of therapeutic dose or an HBEL-based value
D.ISO 14644 classes ISO 5 to ISO 8 or EU Grades A to D by particles per cubic metre; Grade A (ISO 5) is required for aseptic filling
8. Which term means: "ISO 14644 classes ISO 5 to ISO 8 or EU Grades A to D by particles per cubic metre; Grade A (ISO 5) is required for aseptic filling"?
A.Cleanroom classification — records must be attributable, legible, contemporaneous, original and accurate, plus complete, consistent, enduring and available, enforced through FDA warning letters
B.Cleanroom classification — document recording every step, quantity, equipment and signature of a production batch, reviewed by QA before release
C.Cleanroom classification — ISO 14644 classes ISO 5 to ISO 8 or EU Grades A to D by particles per cubic metre; Grade A (ISO 5) is required for aseptic filling
D.Cleanroom classification — proof by swab and rinse analysis that residual API after cleaning is below a limit such as 10 ppm, 1/1000 of therapeutic dose or an HBEL-based value
A.records must be attributable, legible, contemporaneous, original and accurate, plus complete, consistent, enduring and available, enforced through FDA warning letters
B.distillation of spent solvents to a validated purity specification for reuse, with mother-liquor segregation and a defined limit on recycle cycles
C.FDA 2011 guidance of process design, process qualification (usually three consecutive batches) and continued process verification
D.installation qualification checks equipment as installed against design; operational qualification tests functions across the range; performance qualification proves consistent output with product
11. Which term means: "installation qualification checks equipment as installed against design; operational qualification tests functions across the range; performance qualification proves consistent output with product"?
A.IQ/OQ/PQ — Indian GMP under the Drugs and Cosmetics Rules aligned with WHO-GMP, made mandatory for MSMEs from 2025 with pharmaceutical quality system and product quality review requirements
B.IQ/OQ/PQ — document recording every step, quantity, equipment and signature of a production batch, reviewed by QA before release
C.IQ/OQ/PQ — distillation of spent solvents to a validated purity specification for reuse, with mother-liquor segregation and a defined limit on recycle cycles
D.IQ/OQ/PQ — installation qualification checks equipment as installed against design; operational qualification tests functions across the range; performance qualification proves consistent output with product
A.records must be attributable, legible, contemporaneous, original and accurate, plus complete, consistent, enduring and available, enforced through FDA warning letters
B.FDA 2011 guidance of process design, process qualification (usually three consecutive batches) and continued process verification
C.proof by swab and rinse analysis that residual API after cleaning is below a limit such as 10 ppm, 1/1000 of therapeutic dose or an HBEL-based value
D.current good manufacturing practice under US 21 CFR 210/211, WHO TRS and Indian Schedule M, covering personnel, premises, documentation, validation and quality control
14. Which term means: "FDA 2011 guidance of process design, process qualification (usually three consecutive batches) and continued process verification"?
A.Process validation stages — FDA 2011 guidance of process design, process qualification (usually three consecutive batches) and continued process verification
B.Process validation stages — records must be attributable, legible, contemporaneous, original and accurate, plus complete, consistent, enduring and available, enforced through FDA warning letters
C.Process validation stages — current good manufacturing practice under US 21 CFR 210/211, WHO TRS and Indian Schedule M, covering personnel, premises, documentation, validation and quality control
D.Process validation stages — installation qualification checks equipment as installed against design; operational qualification tests functions across the range; performance qualification proves consistent output with product
A.ISO 14644 classes ISO 5 to ISO 8 or EU Grades A to D by particles per cubic metre; Grade A (ISO 5) is required for aseptic filling
B.distillation of spent solvents to a validated purity specification for reuse, with mother-liquor segregation and a defined limit on recycle cycles
C.Indian GMP under the Drugs and Cosmetics Rules aligned with WHO-GMP, made mandatory for MSMEs from 2025 with pharmaceutical quality system and product quality review requirements
D.proof by swab and rinse analysis that residual API after cleaning is below a limit such as 10 ppm, 1/1000 of therapeutic dose or an HBEL-based value
17. Which term means: "proof by swab and rinse analysis that residual API after cleaning is below a limit such as 10 ppm, 1/1000 of therapeutic dose or an HBEL-based value"?
A.Cleaning validation — distillation of spent solvents to a validated purity specification for reuse, with mother-liquor segregation and a defined limit on recycle cycles
B.Cleaning validation — Indian GMP under the Drugs and Cosmetics Rules aligned with WHO-GMP, made mandatory for MSMEs from 2025 with pharmaceutical quality system and product quality review requirements
C.Cleaning validation — proof by swab and rinse analysis that residual API after cleaning is below a limit such as 10 ppm, 1/1000 of therapeutic dose or an HBEL-based value
D.Cleaning validation — current good manufacturing practice under US 21 CFR 210/211, WHO TRS and Indian Schedule M, covering personnel, premises, documentation, validation and quality control
A.Indian GMP under the Drugs and Cosmetics Rules aligned with WHO-GMP, made mandatory for MSMEs from 2025 with pharmaceutical quality system and product quality review requirements
B.installation qualification checks equipment as installed against design; operational qualification tests functions across the range; performance qualification proves consistent output with product
C.distillation of spent solvents to a validated purity specification for reuse, with mother-liquor segregation and a defined limit on recycle cycles
D.FDA 2011 guidance of process design, process qualification (usually three consecutive batches) and continued process verification
20. Which term means: "distillation of spent solvents to a validated purity specification for reuse, with mother-liquor segregation and a defined limit on recycle cycles"?
A.Solvent recovery — FDA 2011 guidance of process design, process qualification (usually three consecutive batches) and continued process verification
B.Solvent recovery — distillation of spent solvents to a validated purity specification for reuse, with mother-liquor segregation and a defined limit on recycle cycles
C.Solvent recovery — installation qualification checks equipment as installed against design; operational qualification tests functions across the range; performance qualification proves consistent output with product
D.Solvent recovery — current good manufacturing practice under US 21 CFR 210/211, WHO TRS and Indian Schedule M, covering personnel, premises, documentation, validation and quality control
A.ISO 14644 classes ISO 5 to ISO 8 or EU Grades A to D by particles per cubic metre; Grade A (ISO 5) is required for aseptic filling
B.installation qualification checks equipment as installed against design; operational qualification tests functions across the range; performance qualification proves consistent output with product
C.records must be attributable, legible, contemporaneous, original and accurate, plus complete, consistent, enduring and available, enforced through FDA warning letters
D.distillation of spent solvents to a validated purity specification for reuse, with mother-liquor segregation and a defined limit on recycle cycles
23. Which term means: "records must be attributable, legible, contemporaneous, original and accurate, plus complete, consistent, enduring and available, enforced through FDA warning letters"?
A.ALCOA+ data integrity — installation qualification checks equipment as installed against design; operational qualification tests functions across the range; performance qualification proves consistent output with product
B.ALCOA+ data integrity — records must be attributable, legible, contemporaneous, original and accurate, plus complete, consistent, enduring and available, enforced through FDA warning letters
C.ALCOA+ data integrity — Indian GMP under the Drugs and Cosmetics Rules aligned with WHO-GMP, made mandatory for MSMEs from 2025 with pharmaceutical quality system and product quality review requirements
D.ALCOA+ data integrity — current good manufacturing practice under US 21 CFR 210/211, WHO TRS and Indian Schedule M, covering personnel, premises, documentation, validation and quality control
A.DSC for decomposition onset, reaction calorimetry for heat release and accumulation, and gas evolution tests before a new process reaches plant scale
B.document recording every step, quantity, equipment and signature of a production batch, reviewed by QA before release
C.current good manufacturing practice under US 21 CFR 210/211, WHO TRS and Indian Schedule M, covering personnel, premises, documentation, validation and quality control
D.ISO 14644 classes ISO 5 to ISO 8 or EU Grades A to D by particles per cubic metre; Grade A (ISO 5) is required for aseptic filling
26. Which term means: "DSC for decomposition onset, reaction calorimetry for heat release and accumulation, and gas evolution tests before a new process reaches plant scale"?
A.Reaction hazard screening — Indian GMP under the Drugs and Cosmetics Rules aligned with WHO-GMP, made mandatory for MSMEs from 2025 with pharmaceutical quality system and product quality review requirements
B.Reaction hazard screening — ISO 14644 classes ISO 5 to ISO 8 or EU Grades A to D by particles per cubic metre; Grade A (ISO 5) is required for aseptic filling
C.Reaction hazard screening — records must be attributable, legible, contemporaneous, original and accurate, plus complete, consistent, enduring and available, enforced through FDA warning letters
D.Reaction hazard screening — DSC for decomposition onset, reaction calorimetry for heat release and accumulation, and gas evolution tests before a new process reaches plant scale
A.installation qualification checks equipment as installed against design; operational qualification tests functions across the range; performance qualification proves consistent output with product
B.Indian GMP under the Drugs and Cosmetics Rules aligned with WHO-GMP, made mandatory for MSMEs from 2025 with pharmaceutical quality system and product quality review requirements
C.proof by swab and rinse analysis that residual API after cleaning is below a limit such as 10 ppm, 1/1000 of therapeutic dose or an HBEL-based value
D.distillation of spent solvents to a validated purity specification for reuse, with mother-liquor segregation and a defined limit on recycle cycles
29. Which term means: "Indian GMP under the Drugs and Cosmetics Rules aligned with WHO-GMP, made mandatory for MSMEs from 2025 with pharmaceutical quality system and product quality review requirements"?
A.Revised Schedule M — Indian GMP under the Drugs and Cosmetics Rules aligned with WHO-GMP, made mandatory for MSMEs from 2025 with pharmaceutical quality system and product quality review requirements
B.Revised Schedule M — current good manufacturing practice under US 21 CFR 210/211, WHO TRS and Indian Schedule M, covering personnel, premises, documentation, validation and quality control
C.Revised Schedule M — ISO 14644 classes ISO 5 to ISO 8 or EU Grades A to D by particles per cubic metre; Grade A (ISO 5) is required for aseptic filling
D.Revised Schedule M — distillation of spent solvents to a validated purity specification for reuse, with mother-liquor segregation and a defined limit on recycle cycles
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