CN · Transport Layer interview questions

1. A.the reserved port range 0 to 1023 assigned to standard services like HTTP and DNS
2. B.a mechanism preventing a sender from overwhelming the network, distinct from receiver-side flow control
3. C.additive-increase multiplicative-decrease, TCP's rule of growing the window linearly and halving it on loss
4. D.a connection-oriented transport protocol giving reliable, ordered, error-checked byte-stream delivery

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1. A.well-known ports
2. B.sequence number
3. C.TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)
4. D.TCP reliability

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1. A.TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) — a mechanism preventing a sender from overwhelming the network, distinct from receiver-side flow control
2. B.TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) — a 16-bit identifier distinguishing different application processes on the same host
3. C.TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) — a TCP field numbering each byte of the stream so the receiver can reorder and detect loss
4. D.TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) — a connection-oriented transport protocol giving reliable, ordered, error-checked byte-stream delivery

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1. A.a mechanism preventing a fast sender from overwhelming a slow receiver using an advertised window
2. B.a connectionless transport protocol giving fast, unreliable, message-oriented delivery with no handshake
3. C.the TCP state where a closing side waits twice the maximum segment lifetime before fully releasing the connection
4. D.a TCP field telling the sender the next byte the receiver expects, confirming prior bytes arrived

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1. A.three-way handshake
2. B.UDP (User Datagram Protocol)
3. C.congestion control
4. D.sequence number

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1. A.UDP (User Datagram Protocol) — the combination of sequence numbers, acknowledgements, checksums, and retransmission timers ensuring delivery
2. B.UDP (User Datagram Protocol) — a connectionless transport protocol giving fast, unreliable, message-oriented delivery with no handshake
3. C.UDP (User Datagram Protocol) — the TCP state where a closing side waits twice the maximum segment lifetime before fully releasing the connection
4. D.UDP (User Datagram Protocol) — a flow-control scheme letting a sender transmit several unacknowledged segments up to a window limit

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1. A.the reserved port range 0 to 1023 assigned to standard services like HTTP and DNS
2. B.a congestion-control phase that grows the congestion window exponentially until a threshold is reached
3. C.a 16-bit identifier distinguishing different application processes on the same host
4. D.a connectionless transport protocol giving fast, unreliable, message-oriented delivery with no handshake

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1. A.sliding window
2. B.port number
3. C.three-way handshake
4. D.sequence number

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1. A.port number — a congestion-control phase that grows the congestion window exponentially until a threshold is reached
2. B.port number — a connectionless transport protocol giving fast, unreliable, message-oriented delivery with no handshake
3. C.port number — TCP connection setup using SYN, SYN-ACK, and ACK to synchronize sequence numbers
4. D.port number — a 16-bit identifier distinguishing different application processes on the same host

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1. A.TCP connection setup using SYN, SYN-ACK, and ACK to synchronize sequence numbers
2. B.a TCP field telling the sender the next byte the receiver expects, confirming prior bytes arrived
3. C.the TCP state where a closing side waits twice the maximum segment lifetime before fully releasing the connection
4. D.the reserved port range 0 to 1023 assigned to standard services like HTTP and DNS

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1. A.sliding window
2. B.well-known ports
3. C.four-way termination
4. D.sequence number

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1. A.well-known ports — the reserved port range 0 to 1023 assigned to standard services like HTTP and DNS
2. B.well-known ports — a TCP field numbering each byte of the stream so the receiver can reorder and detect loss
3. C.well-known ports — TCP connection teardown using FIN, ACK, FIN, ACK so each side closes independently
4. D.well-known ports — additive-increase multiplicative-decrease, TCP's rule of growing the window linearly and halving it on loss

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1. A.a connectionless transport protocol giving fast, unreliable, message-oriented delivery with no handshake
2. B.a TCP field telling the sender the next byte the receiver expects, confirming prior bytes arrived
3. C.the combination of sequence numbers, acknowledgements, checksums, and retransmission timers ensuring delivery
4. D.TCP connection setup using SYN, SYN-ACK, and ACK to synchronize sequence numbers

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1. A.AIMD
2. B.port number
3. C.three-way handshake
4. D.TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)

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1. A.three-way handshake — a TCP field numbering each byte of the stream so the receiver can reorder and detect loss
2. B.three-way handshake — TCP connection setup using SYN, SYN-ACK, and ACK to synchronize sequence numbers
3. C.three-way handshake — a mechanism preventing a sender from overwhelming the network, distinct from receiver-side flow control
4. D.three-way handshake — a 16-bit identifier distinguishing different application processes on the same host

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1. A.additive-increase multiplicative-decrease, TCP's rule of growing the window linearly and halving it on loss
2. B.TCP connection setup using SYN, SYN-ACK, and ACK to synchronize sequence numbers
3. C.a TCP field numbering each byte of the stream so the receiver can reorder and detect loss
4. D.TCP connection teardown using FIN, ACK, FIN, ACK so each side closes independently

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1. A.sliding window
2. B.three-way handshake
3. C.well-known ports
4. D.four-way termination

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1. A.four-way termination — TCP connection teardown using FIN, ACK, FIN, ACK so each side closes independently
2. B.four-way termination — additive-increase multiplicative-decrease, TCP's rule of growing the window linearly and halving it on loss
3. C.four-way termination — a TCP field telling the sender the next byte the receiver expects, confirming prior bytes arrived
4. D.four-way termination — TCP connection setup using SYN, SYN-ACK, and ACK to synchronize sequence numbers

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1. A.a TCP field numbering each byte of the stream so the receiver can reorder and detect loss
2. B.a connectionless transport protocol giving fast, unreliable, message-oriented delivery with no handshake
3. C.TCP connection setup using SYN, SYN-ACK, and ACK to synchronize sequence numbers
4. D.a mechanism preventing a sender from overwhelming the network, distinct from receiver-side flow control

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1. A.TIME_WAIT state
2. B.sequence number
3. C.congestion control
4. D.AIMD

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1. A.sequence number — a TCP field numbering each byte of the stream so the receiver can reorder and detect loss
2. B.sequence number — a 16-bit identifier distinguishing different application processes on the same host
3. C.sequence number — additive-increase multiplicative-decrease, TCP's rule of growing the window linearly and halving it on loss
4. D.sequence number — a connectionless transport protocol giving fast, unreliable, message-oriented delivery with no handshake

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1. A.a TCP field numbering each byte of the stream so the receiver can reorder and detect loss
2. B.TCP connection teardown using FIN, ACK, FIN, ACK so each side closes independently
3. C.a TCP field telling the sender the next byte the receiver expects, confirming prior bytes arrived
4. D.a connection-oriented transport protocol giving reliable, ordered, error-checked byte-stream delivery

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1. A.TCP reliability
2. B.acknowledgement number
3. C.sequence number
4. D.UDP (User Datagram Protocol)

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1. A.acknowledgement number — the combination of sequence numbers, acknowledgements, checksums, and retransmission timers ensuring delivery
2. B.acknowledgement number — the reserved port range 0 to 1023 assigned to standard services like HTTP and DNS
3. C.acknowledgement number — a congestion-control phase that grows the congestion window exponentially until a threshold is reached
4. D.acknowledgement number — a TCP field telling the sender the next byte the receiver expects, confirming prior bytes arrived

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1. A.a TCP field telling the sender the next byte the receiver expects, confirming prior bytes arrived
2. B.a mechanism preventing a sender from overwhelming the network, distinct from receiver-side flow control
3. C.a flow-control scheme letting a sender transmit several unacknowledged segments up to a window limit
4. D.the TCP state where a closing side waits twice the maximum segment lifetime before fully releasing the connection

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1. A.sliding window
2. B.congestion control
3. C.TCP reliability
4. D.slow start

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1. A.sliding window — the combination of sequence numbers, acknowledgements, checksums, and retransmission timers ensuring delivery
2. B.sliding window — a flow-control scheme letting a sender transmit several unacknowledged segments up to a window limit
3. C.sliding window — a connectionless transport protocol giving fast, unreliable, message-oriented delivery with no handshake
4. D.sliding window — a TCP field numbering each byte of the stream so the receiver can reorder and detect loss

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1. A.a flow-control scheme letting a sender transmit several unacknowledged segments up to a window limit
2. B.a mechanism preventing a fast sender from overwhelming a slow receiver using an advertised window
3. C.a TCP field numbering each byte of the stream so the receiver can reorder and detect loss
4. D.a TCP field telling the sender the next byte the receiver expects, confirming prior bytes arrived

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1. A.UDP (User Datagram Protocol)
2. B.three-way handshake
3. C.flow control
4. D.TIME_WAIT state

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1. A.flow control — a mechanism preventing a fast sender from overwhelming a slow receiver using an advertised window
2. B.flow control — a TCP field numbering each byte of the stream so the receiver can reorder and detect loss
3. C.flow control — additive-increase multiplicative-decrease, TCP's rule of growing the window linearly and halving it on loss
4. D.flow control — the reserved port range 0 to 1023 assigned to standard services like HTTP and DNS

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