Observability interview questions

33 real Observability questions from the MLOps & Integration bank, as asked in Indian campus drives and tech interviews. Every question has a verified answer and an AI-tutor explanation on placd — free to start.

1. What is Three pillars?

Junior
  1. A.a visualization tool that builds dashboards over Prometheus, Loki, Elasticsearch and other sources
  2. B.metrics, logs and traces — the complementary signals that together explain system behavior
  3. C.keeping only a fraction of traces (head- or tail-based) to control telemetry volume and cost
  4. D.the Elastic Stack UI for searching, visualizing and dashboarding indexed log data
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3. Which statement is correct?

Junior
  1. A.Three pillars — keeping only a fraction of traces (head- or tail-based) to control telemetry volume and cost
  2. B.Three pillars — a pipeline that receives, processes and exports telemetry, decoupling apps from backends
  3. C.Three pillars — metrics, logs and traces — the complementary signals that together explain system behavior
  4. D.Three pillars — an LLM-focused observability platform that traces prompts, tokens, cost and latency and runs evals
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4. What is OpenTelemetry?

Junior
  1. A.keeping only a fraction of traces (head- or tail-based) to control telemetry volume and cost
  2. B.a visualization tool that builds dashboards over Prometheus, Loki, Elasticsearch and other sources
  3. C.a vendor-neutral standard and SDK for generating and exporting traces, metrics and logs
  4. D.a pipeline that receives, processes and exports telemetry, decoupling apps from backends
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6. Which statement is correct?

Junior
  1. A.OpenTelemetry — passing trace and span IDs across service calls so one request is stitched into a single trace
  2. B.OpenTelemetry — a visualization tool that builds dashboards over Prometheus, Loki, Elasticsearch and other sources
  3. C.OpenTelemetry — the Elastic Stack UI for searching, visualizing and dashboarding indexed log data
  4. D.OpenTelemetry — a vendor-neutral standard and SDK for generating and exporting traces, metrics and logs
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7. What is Span?

Mid
  1. A.the number of unique label/value combinations in metrics; high cardinality can overwhelm a TSDB
  2. B.a visualization tool that builds dashboards over Prometheus, Loki, Elasticsearch and other sources
  3. C.a single timed operation in a distributed trace, with parent/child links forming the trace tree
  4. D.Elasticsearch, Logstash and Kibana — a stack for ingesting, storing and exploring logs
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9. Which statement is correct?

Mid
  1. A.Span — passing trace and span IDs across service calls so one request is stitched into a single trace
  2. B.Span — keeping only a fraction of traces (head- or tail-based) to control telemetry volume and cost
  3. C.Span — Elasticsearch, Logstash and Kibana — a stack for ingesting, storing and exploring logs
  4. D.Span — a single timed operation in a distributed trace, with parent/child links forming the trace tree
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10. What is Trace context propagation?

Mid
  1. A.an LLM-focused observability platform that traces prompts, tokens, cost and latency and runs evals
  2. B.passing trace and span IDs across service calls so one request is stitched into a single trace
  3. C.a vendor-neutral standard and SDK for generating and exporting traces, metrics and logs
  4. D.a visualization tool that builds dashboards over Prometheus, Loki, Elasticsearch and other sources
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12. Which statement is correct?

Mid
  1. A.Trace context propagation — an LLM-focused observability platform that traces prompts, tokens, cost and latency and runs evals
  2. B.Trace context propagation — a visualization tool that builds dashboards over Prometheus, Loki, Elasticsearch and other sources
  3. C.Trace context propagation — metrics, logs and traces — the complementary signals that together explain system behavior
  4. D.Trace context propagation — passing trace and span IDs across service calls so one request is stitched into a single trace
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13. What is OTel Collector?

Mid
  1. A.keeping only a fraction of traces (head- or tail-based) to control telemetry volume and cost
  2. B.a visualization tool that builds dashboards over Prometheus, Loki, Elasticsearch and other sources
  3. C.the Elastic Stack UI for searching, visualizing and dashboarding indexed log data
  4. D.a pipeline that receives, processes and exports telemetry, decoupling apps from backends
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15. Which statement is correct?

Mid
  1. A.OTel Collector — Elasticsearch, Logstash and Kibana — a stack for ingesting, storing and exploring logs
  2. B.OTel Collector — a pipeline that receives, processes and exports telemetry, decoupling apps from backends
  3. C.OTel Collector — an LLM-focused observability platform that traces prompts, tokens, cost and latency and runs evals
  4. D.OTel Collector — a visualization tool that builds dashboards over Prometheus, Loki, Elasticsearch and other sources
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16. What is Grafana?

Junior
  1. A.a single timed operation in a distributed trace, with parent/child links forming the trace tree
  2. B.Elasticsearch, Logstash and Kibana — a stack for ingesting, storing and exploring logs
  3. C.a vendor-neutral standard and SDK for generating and exporting traces, metrics and logs
  4. D.a visualization tool that builds dashboards over Prometheus, Loki, Elasticsearch and other sources
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18. Which statement is correct?

Junior
  1. A.Grafana — metrics, logs and traces — the complementary signals that together explain system behavior
  2. B.Grafana — a single timed operation in a distributed trace, with parent/child links forming the trace tree
  3. C.Grafana — a visualization tool that builds dashboards over Prometheus, Loki, Elasticsearch and other sources
  4. D.Grafana — an LLM-focused observability platform that traces prompts, tokens, cost and latency and runs evals
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19. What is Elastic Stack (ELK)?

Mid
  1. A.Elasticsearch, Logstash and Kibana — a stack for ingesting, storing and exploring logs
  2. B.a vendor-neutral standard and SDK for generating and exporting traces, metrics and logs
  3. C.passing trace and span IDs across service calls so one request is stitched into a single trace
  4. D.an LLM-focused observability platform that traces prompts, tokens, cost and latency and runs evals
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21. Which statement is correct?

Mid
  1. A.Elastic Stack (ELK) — Elasticsearch, Logstash and Kibana — a stack for ingesting, storing and exploring logs
  2. B.Elastic Stack (ELK) — a vendor-neutral standard and SDK for generating and exporting traces, metrics and logs
  3. C.Elastic Stack (ELK) — a single timed operation in a distributed trace, with parent/child links forming the trace tree
  4. D.Elastic Stack (ELK) — a pipeline that receives, processes and exports telemetry, decoupling apps from backends
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22. What is Kibana?

Mid
  1. A.keeping only a fraction of traces (head- or tail-based) to control telemetry volume and cost
  2. B.a vendor-neutral standard and SDK for generating and exporting traces, metrics and logs
  3. C.the number of unique label/value combinations in metrics; high cardinality can overwhelm a TSDB
  4. D.the Elastic Stack UI for searching, visualizing and dashboarding indexed log data
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24. Which statement is correct?

Mid
  1. A.Kibana — keeping only a fraction of traces (head- or tail-based) to control telemetry volume and cost
  2. B.Kibana — the Elastic Stack UI for searching, visualizing and dashboarding indexed log data
  3. C.Kibana — the number of unique label/value combinations in metrics; high cardinality can overwhelm a TSDB
  4. D.Kibana — a pipeline that receives, processes and exports telemetry, decoupling apps from backends
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25. What is Langfuse?

Mid
  1. A.an LLM-focused observability platform that traces prompts, tokens, cost and latency and runs evals
  2. B.a pipeline that receives, processes and exports telemetry, decoupling apps from backends
  3. C.the Elastic Stack UI for searching, visualizing and dashboarding indexed log data
  4. D.metrics, logs and traces — the complementary signals that together explain system behavior
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27. Which statement is correct?

Mid
  1. A.Langfuse — an LLM-focused observability platform that traces prompts, tokens, cost and latency and runs evals
  2. B.Langfuse — a pipeline that receives, processes and exports telemetry, decoupling apps from backends
  3. C.Langfuse — a vendor-neutral standard and SDK for generating and exporting traces, metrics and logs
  4. D.Langfuse — metrics, logs and traces — the complementary signals that together explain system behavior
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28. What is Cardinality?

Senior
  1. A.a single timed operation in a distributed trace, with parent/child links forming the trace tree
  2. B.a vendor-neutral standard and SDK for generating and exporting traces, metrics and logs
  3. C.the Elastic Stack UI for searching, visualizing and dashboarding indexed log data
  4. D.the number of unique label/value combinations in metrics; high cardinality can overwhelm a TSDB
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30. Which statement is correct?

Senior
  1. A.Cardinality — the Elastic Stack UI for searching, visualizing and dashboarding indexed log data
  2. B.Cardinality — a visualization tool that builds dashboards over Prometheus, Loki, Elasticsearch and other sources
  3. C.Cardinality — the number of unique label/value combinations in metrics; high cardinality can overwhelm a TSDB
  4. D.Cardinality — a pipeline that receives, processes and exports telemetry, decoupling apps from backends
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