18 real I/O & Redirection questions from the Bash bank, as asked in Indian campus drives and tech interviews. Every question has a verified answer and an AI-tutor explanation on placd — free to start.
1. What is Standard streams?
Junior
A.the notation that ties the error channel to wherever the output channel currently points, classically written as two-greater-ampersand-one
B.an inline redirection that feeds a multi-line literal block into a command's input until a chosen delimiter word is reached
C.the three default channels numbered zero, one, and two for input, normal output, and error messages respectively
D.the vertical-bar connector that feeds one command's standard output directly into the next command's standard input
A.Output redirection — a feature that exposes a command's output or input as a temporary filename so tools expecting a path can read a stream
B.Output redirection — the notation that ties the error channel to wherever the output channel currently points, classically written as two-greater-ampersand-one
C.Output redirection — an inline redirection that feeds a multi-line literal block into a command's input until a chosen delimiter word is reached
D.Output redirection — sending a command's normal output into a file, where a single arrow truncates and a double arrow appends instead
8. Which term means: "the notation that ties the error channel to wherever the output channel currently points, classically written as two-greater-ampersand-one"?
A.Stderr-to-stdout merge — a feature that exposes a command's output or input as a temporary filename so tools expecting a path can read a stream
B.Stderr-to-stdout merge — the notation that ties the error channel to wherever the output channel currently points, classically written as two-greater-ampersand-one
C.Stderr-to-stdout merge — the three default channels numbered zero, one, and two for input, normal output, and error messages respectively
D.Stderr-to-stdout merge — an inline redirection that feeds a multi-line literal block into a command's input until a chosen delimiter word is reached
A.Here-document — the notation that ties the error channel to wherever the output channel currently points, classically written as two-greater-ampersand-one
B.Here-document — the vertical-bar connector that feeds one command's standard output directly into the next command's standard input
C.Here-document — sending a command's normal output into a file, where a single arrow truncates and a double arrow appends instead
D.Here-document — an inline redirection that feeds a multi-line literal block into a command's input until a chosen delimiter word is reached
A.Process substitution — a feature that exposes a command's output or input as a temporary filename so tools expecting a path can read a stream
B.Process substitution — the three default channels numbered zero, one, and two for input, normal output, and error messages respectively
C.Process substitution — the vertical-bar connector that feeds one command's standard output directly into the next command's standard input
D.Process substitution — the notation that ties the error channel to wherever the output channel currently points, classically written as two-greater-ampersand-one
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