Delta Lake interview questions

87 real Delta Lake questions from the Big Data bank, as asked in Indian campus drives and tech interviews. Every question has a verified answer and an AI-tutor explanation on placd — free to start.

1. What is Deletion vectors?

Junior
  1. A.a Delta table column whose values are computed from other columns by a stored expression, useful for deriving partition keys automatically
  2. B.the Delta feature that runs a compaction pass after a write when many small files are detected, combining them automatically
  3. C.a Delta Lake feature that marks deleted rows in a separate file so updates avoid rewriting entire Parquet files, a merge-on-read style
  4. D.the tradeoff where UniForm exposes Delta tables to Iceberg readers without a second copy, versus maintaining a separate Iceberg table
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2. Which term means: "a Delta Lake feature that marks deleted rows in a separate file so updates avoid rewriting entire Parquet files, a merge-on-read style"?

Junior
  1. A.Schema enforcement
  2. B.DELETE
  3. C.Liquid Clustering
  4. D.Deletion vectors
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3. Which statement is correct?

Junior
  1. A.Deletion vectors — the Delta SQL command that removes rows matching a predicate transactionally and records the change in the table log
  2. B.Deletion vectors — a Delta Lake feature that marks deleted rows in a separate file so updates avoid rewriting entire Parquet files, a merge-on-read style
  3. C.Deletion vectors — reading a Delta table as a streaming input where each new committed version supplies the next micro-batch of records
  4. D.Deletion vectors — the Delta feature that shuffles data before writing to produce fewer, appropriately sized files and reduce the small-file problem
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4. What is Change Data Feed?

Junior
  1. A.a Delta Lake feature that records row-level inserts, updates, and deletes so downstream consumers can read only what changed
  2. B.the retention interval that VACUUM honors to avoid deleting files still needed by in-flight readers or time travel
  3. C.the ordered _delta_log of JSON commits that gives a Delta table its ACID guarantees and time travel
  4. D.the Delta 4.0 capability to widen a column's type, such as int to long, without rewriting existing data files
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5. Which term means: "a Delta Lake feature that records row-level inserts, updates, and deletes so downstream consumers can read only what changed"?

Junior
  1. A.Delta streaming sink
  2. B.deletion vector
  3. C.Change Data Feed
  4. D.Delta UniForm vs native Iceberg
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6. Which statement is correct?

Junior
  1. A.Change Data Feed — reading a Delta table as a streaming input where each new committed version supplies the next micro-batch of records
  2. B.Change Data Feed — the Delta behavior that rejects writes whose schema does not match the table unless schema evolution is explicitly allowed
  3. C.Change Data Feed — a Delta Lake feature that records row-level inserts, updates, and deletes so downstream consumers can read only what changed
  4. D.Change Data Feed — a Delta Lake data layout that automatically clusters data on chosen keys and adapts over time, replacing rigid partitioning and Z-ordering
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7. What is Liquid Clustering?

Junior
  1. A.the Delta SQL command that removes rows matching a predicate transactionally and records the change in the table log
  2. B.a Delta Lake data layout that automatically clusters data on chosen keys and adapts over time, replacing rigid partitioning and Z-ordering
  3. C.the Delta 4.0 capability to widen a column's type, such as int to long, without rewriting existing data files
  4. D.a Delta clone that copies both metadata and all data files, producing a fully independent table that survives source deletion
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8. Which term means: "a Delta Lake data layout that automatically clusters data on chosen keys and adapts over time, replacing rigid partitioning and Z-ordering"?

Junior
  1. A.Liquid Clustering
  2. B.shallow clone
  3. C.Schema enforcement
  4. D.deep clone
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9. Which statement is correct?

Junior
  1. A.Liquid Clustering — a Delta Lake feature that generates Iceberg and Hudi metadata over Delta data so multiple engines can read one copy
  2. B.Liquid Clustering — a Delta Lake data layout that automatically clusters data on chosen keys and adapts over time, replacing rigid partitioning and Z-ordering
  3. C.Liquid Clustering — writing a stream into a Delta table with exactly-once guarantees enforced through a checkpoint and transaction log
  4. D.Liquid Clustering — the Delta 4.0 capability to widen a column's type, such as int to long, without rewriting existing data files
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10. What is UniForm?

Mid
  1. A.the tradeoff where UniForm exposes Delta tables to Iceberg readers without a second copy, versus maintaining a separate Iceberg table
  2. B.a Delta table column whose values are computed from other columns by a stored expression, useful for deriving partition keys automatically
  3. C.a Delta Lake feature that generates Iceberg and Hudi metadata over Delta data so multiple engines can read one copy
  4. D.the Delta feature that shuffles data before writing to produce fewer, appropriately sized files and reduce the small-file problem
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11. Which term means: "a Delta Lake feature that generates Iceberg and Hudi metadata over Delta data so multiple engines can read one copy"?

Mid
  1. A.VACUUM safety window
  2. B.Delta streaming source
  3. C.UniForm
  4. D.Delta streaming sink
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12. Which statement is correct?

Mid
  1. A.UniForm — a Delta Lake feature that generates Iceberg and Hudi metadata over Delta data so multiple engines can read one copy
  2. B.UniForm — the Delta SQL command that removes rows matching a predicate transactionally and records the change in the table log
  3. C.UniForm — the Delta behavior that rejects writes whose schema does not match the table unless schema evolution is explicitly allowed
  4. D.UniForm — reading a Delta table as a streaming input where each new committed version supplies the next micro-batch of records
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13. What is Checkpoint file?

Mid
  1. A.the Delta feature emitting row-level inserts, updates, and deletes between table versions for incremental downstream consumption
  2. B.a Parquet summary of the Delta transaction log written periodically so readers avoid replaying every JSON commit
  3. C.the Delta feature that runs a compaction pass after a write when many small files are detected, combining them automatically
  4. D.a Delta clone that copies both metadata and all data files, producing a fully independent table that survives source deletion
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14. Which term means: "a Parquet summary of the Delta transaction log written periodically so readers avoid replaying every JSON commit"?

Mid
  1. A.Checkpoint file
  2. B.CHECK constraint
  3. C.shallow clone
  4. D.Liquid Clustering
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15. Which statement is correct?

Mid
  1. A.Checkpoint file — a Delta clone that copies only metadata and references the source's existing data files, creating an inexpensive isolated table for testing
  2. B.Checkpoint file — a Parquet summary of the Delta transaction log written periodically so readers avoid replaying every JSON commit
  3. C.Checkpoint file — a Delta clone that copies both metadata and all data files, producing a fully independent table that survives source deletion
  4. D.Checkpoint file — a Delta table column whose values are computed from other columns by a stored expression, useful for deriving partition keys automatically
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16. What is Optimistic concurrency control?

Mid
  1. A.the Delta feature that runs a compaction pass after a write when many small files are detected, combining them automatically
  2. B.writing a stream into a Delta table with exactly-once guarantees enforced through a checkpoint and transaction log
  3. C.the Delta mechanism that lets concurrent writers proceed and resolves conflicts at commit by validating read and write sets
  4. D.reading a Delta table as a streaming input where each new committed version supplies the next micro-batch of records
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17. Which term means: "the Delta mechanism that lets concurrent writers proceed and resolves conflicts at commit by validating read and write sets"?

Mid
  1. A.Optimistic concurrency control
  2. B.column mapping
  3. C.Liquid Clustering
  4. D.Change Data Feed
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18. Which statement is correct?

Mid
  1. A.Optimistic concurrency control — a Delta table column whose values are computed from other columns by a stored expression, useful for deriving partition keys automatically
  2. B.Optimistic concurrency control — the Delta mechanism that lets concurrent writers proceed and resolves conflicts at commit by validating read and write sets
  3. C.Optimistic concurrency control — the Delta feature that runs a compaction pass after a write when many small files are detected, combining them automatically
  4. D.Optimistic concurrency control — a Delta clone that copies only metadata and references the source's existing data files, creating an inexpensive isolated table for testing
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19. What is Schema enforcement?

Mid
  1. A.a Parquet summary of the Delta transaction log written periodically so readers avoid replaying every JSON commit
  2. B.a Delta table column whose values are computed from other columns by a stored expression, useful for deriving partition keys automatically
  3. C.the Delta behavior that rejects writes whose schema does not match the table unless schema evolution is explicitly allowed
  4. D.a Delta Lake feature that marks deleted rows in a separate file so updates avoid rewriting entire Parquet files, a merge-on-read style
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20. Which term means: "the Delta behavior that rejects writes whose schema does not match the table unless schema evolution is explicitly allowed"?

Mid
  1. A.Optimistic concurrency control
  2. B.optimized write
  3. C.DELETE
  4. D.Schema enforcement
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21. Which statement is correct?

Mid
  1. A.Schema enforcement — a Delta table column whose values are computed from other columns by a stored expression, useful for deriving partition keys automatically
  2. B.Schema enforcement — a Delta clone that copies both metadata and all data files, producing a fully independent table that survives source deletion
  3. C.Schema enforcement — the tradeoff where UniForm exposes Delta tables to Iceberg readers without a second copy, versus maintaining a separate Iceberg table
  4. D.Schema enforcement — the Delta behavior that rejects writes whose schema does not match the table unless schema evolution is explicitly allowed
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22. What is Delta UniForm vs native Iceberg?

Senior
  1. A.the Delta feature that runs a compaction pass after a write when many small files are detected, combining them automatically
  2. B.the Delta feature emitting row-level inserts, updates, and deletes between table versions for incremental downstream consumption
  3. C.the tradeoff where UniForm exposes Delta tables to Iceberg readers without a second copy, versus maintaining a separate Iceberg table
  4. D.a Delta Lake feature that records row-level inserts, updates, and deletes so downstream consumers can read only what changed
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23. Which term means: "the tradeoff where UniForm exposes Delta tables to Iceberg readers without a second copy, versus maintaining a separate Iceberg table"?

Senior
  1. A.auto compaction
  2. B.Delta UniForm vs native Iceberg
  3. C.UniForm
  4. D.Transaction log
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24. Which statement is correct?

Senior
  1. A.Delta UniForm vs native Iceberg — the Delta SQL command that removes rows matching a predicate transactionally and records the change in the table log
  2. B.Delta UniForm vs native Iceberg — the tradeoff where UniForm exposes Delta tables to Iceberg readers without a second copy, versus maintaining a separate Iceberg table
  3. C.Delta UniForm vs native Iceberg — the Delta 4.0 capability to widen a column's type, such as int to long, without rewriting existing data files
  4. D.Delta UniForm vs native Iceberg — the ordered _delta_log of JSON commits that gives a Delta table its ACID guarantees and time travel
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25. What is Delta Lake 4.0 type widening?

Senior
  1. A.writing a stream into a Delta table with exactly-once guarantees enforced through a checkpoint and transaction log
  2. B.the Delta 4.0 capability to widen a column's type, such as int to long, without rewriting existing data files
  3. C.the Delta behavior that rejects writes whose schema does not match the table unless schema evolution is explicitly allowed
  4. D.the Delta feature emitting row-level inserts, updates, and deletes between table versions for incremental downstream consumption
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26. Which term means: "the Delta 4.0 capability to widen a column's type, such as int to long, without rewriting existing data files"?

Senior
  1. A.Optimistic concurrency control
  2. B.Delta Lake 4.0 type widening
  3. C.Liquid Clustering
  4. D.optimized write
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27. Which statement is correct?

Senior
  1. A.Delta Lake 4.0 type widening — the Delta 4.0 capability to widen a column's type, such as int to long, without rewriting existing data files
  2. B.Delta Lake 4.0 type widening — the tradeoff where UniForm exposes Delta tables to Iceberg readers without a second copy, versus maintaining a separate Iceberg table
  3. C.Delta Lake 4.0 type widening — the Delta feature that shuffles data before writing to produce fewer, appropriately sized files and reduce the small-file problem
  4. D.Delta Lake 4.0 type widening — the Delta merge-on-read feature marking removed rows in an auxiliary bitmap so deletes and updates avoid rewriting whole Parquet files
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28. What is VACUUM safety window?

Senior
  1. A.the Delta feature that shuffles data before writing to produce fewer, appropriately sized files and reduce the small-file problem
  2. B.the Delta behavior that rejects writes whose schema does not match the table unless schema evolution is explicitly allowed
  3. C.the retention interval that VACUUM honors to avoid deleting files still needed by in-flight readers or time travel
  4. D.the tradeoff where UniForm exposes Delta tables to Iceberg readers without a second copy, versus maintaining a separate Iceberg table
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29. Which term means: "the retention interval that VACUUM honors to avoid deleting files still needed by in-flight readers or time travel"?

Senior
  1. A.generated column
  2. B.VACUUM safety window
  3. C.shallow clone
  4. D.deep clone
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30. Which statement is correct?

Senior
  1. A.VACUUM safety window — the Delta merge-on-read feature marking removed rows in an auxiliary bitmap so deletes and updates avoid rewriting whole Parquet files
  2. B.VACUUM safety window — a Parquet summary of the Delta transaction log written periodically so readers avoid replaying every JSON commit
  3. C.VACUUM safety window — writing a stream into a Delta table with exactly-once guarantees enforced through a checkpoint and transaction log
  4. D.VACUUM safety window — the retention interval that VACUUM honors to avoid deleting files still needed by in-flight readers or time travel
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